Inter-Limb Hand Force Asymmetry in Front Crawl Swimming: Individual Interpretation Using BAI-1, MDD, and MID
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Le résumé fourni par la source
This study examined inter-limb hand force asymmetry in competitive swimmers during front crawl at two paces (200 m and 50 m). Eight national-level swimmers (18.3 ± 2.5 years) performed 25 m trials at both intensities using wearable force-sensing paddles. Asymmetry was assessed with a traditional percentage-based index (BAI-1) and distribution-based estimates, namely the Minimal Detectable Difference (MDD) and an exploratory Minimal Important Difference (MID) estimate. Mean hand force was significantly higher at sprint pace (50 m) compared to 200 m pace (p < 0.001), confirming adherence to the prescribed intensities. Using BAI-1, swimmers showed a wide range of asymmetry values (<2% to >10%), highlighting substantial inter-individual variability. Absolute BAI-1 was descriptively higher during the 50 m pace than during the 200 m pace, although this difference was not statistically significant. Distribution-based estimates refined the interpretation: MDD corresponded to 4.48% and 4.83% for the 50 m and 200 m paces, respectively, whereas the exploratory MID estimate corresponded to 2.68% and 2.89%. These findings illustrate how BAI-1, MDD, and MID may lead to complementary interpretations of asymmetry. The combined use of traditional indices and distribution-based estimates may support more individualized monitoring of inter-limb hand force asymmetry in swimming and potentially other bilateral sports.
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Le contrôle bibliographique ouvert
DOI retrouvé dans Crossref DOI retrouvé ; titre concordant.
- Titre Crossref
- Inter-Limb Hand Force Asymmetry in Front Crawl Swimming: Individual Interpretation Using BAI-1, MDD, and MID
- Date Crossref
- 18/09/2026
- Éditeur
- MDPI AG
- Type
- journal-article
Ce recoupement confirme des métadonnées liées au DOI. Il ne confirme ni la méthode ni les conclusions de l’étude, et il ne compte pas comme une seconde source scientifique indépendante.
Où se fait cette recherche
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University of Beira Interior Department of Sport Sciences University of Beira Interior, Mozambique (ville ou établissement reconnu, pays non nommé)Université ou école supérieure
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Polytechnic Institute of Bragança pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Universidade Politécnica de Bragança Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell) pays non établi dans la noticeUniversité ou école supérieure
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Research Centre in Sports pays non établi dans la noticeStructure de recherche
Department of Sport Sciences — University of Beira Interior (University of Beira Interior, Mozambique), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança et Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell) — Universidade Politécnica de Bragança, avec 1 autre affiliation. Pays d’affiliation : Mozambique.
Une affiliation ne permet pas de déduire la nationalité d’un auteur.