Infectious exacerbations in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases: a cross-sectional study

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Introduction: Chronic pulmonary diseases (CPD), such as COPD, bronchiectasis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), affect the airways and present with exacerbation episodes that compromise patients' quality of life. Objectives: To analyze the main causes of exacerbations in patients with CPD treated at the Medical Specialties Center of CESUPA (CEMEC). Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study based on the analysis of medical records from the pulmonology service at CEMEC. Results: A total of 84 eligible medical records were evaluated. There was a predominance of males (56%), patients aged between 60 and 87 years (75%), and those with a smoking history (66.7%). The most frequent CPDs were COPD (44.5%), bronchiectasis (34.7%), and IPF (20.8%). Bacterial infections stood out as the main cause of exacerbation and hospital admissions. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between exacerbation and the specific underlying disease. Bacterial exacerbations were the most prevalent and were the main determining factor for the higher number of hospitalizations, reinforcing the importance of regular clinical follow-up and prevention.

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