Nickel oxide nanowire additives for thermal and combustion stability enhancement in boron-based pyrotechnic delay compositions

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Abstract Conventional pyrotechnic delay compositions suffer from temperature-dependent burn-rate drift, reducing reliability under a wide range of thermal conditions. Here, one-dimensional nickel oxide (NiO) nanowires were introduced into boron-based binary-oxidizer delay formulations and compared with NiO powder-modified systems. The NiO nanowires retained their morphology, dispersed uniformly, lowered exothermic onset temperatures, and promoted earlier energy release. Combustion tests showed that nanowire-doped compositions increased burn rates at low temperature while suppressing excessive acceleration at high temperature, thereby reducing temperature coefficients and improving delay-time stability from −30 °C to 110 °C. These improvements are attributed to quasi-continuous thermal pathways and catalytic interfaces that enhance heat transport and synchronize oxidizer decomposition with boron oxidation. This work provides a microstructure-engineering strategy for thermally stable pyrotechnic delay materials.

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