Constructing Synthesizable Evaluations of Technical Interventions to Reduce Wildlife‐Caused Agricultural Losses

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ABSTRACT Technical interventions to reduce wildlife‐caused agricultural losses (e.g., crops, livestock, and fisheries) are essential for human‐wildlife coexistence. Despite widespread implementations, robust evidence of many interventions remains limited. Moreover, substantial heterogeneity in problem definition, experimental design, outcome measurement, and reporting practices hinder both the interpretability of individual evaluations and the synthesis of cumulative evidence. Here, we identified eight key components to guide the construction of evaluations that are both sensible and synthesizable. These include: (i) defining the problem spatiotemporally; (ii) specifying the intervention and its mechanism; (iii) collaborating with stakeholders; (iv) designing experiments with stronger inference; (v) measuring the functional and monetary effectiveness; (vi) assessing the effects on wildlife and people; (vii) evaluating stakeholder trade‐offs; and (viii) reporting standardized evidence for synthesis and practice. We hope these components can help generate more robust evidence to support evidence‐based conflict management.

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