Comparative analysis of alpha-decay half-life models and development of an improved semi-empirical formula for superheavy nuclei

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Abstract We systematically examined the predictive uncertainty of twelve recent α-decay half-life models using 219 well-measured α-emitting nuclei (Z = 83−118) from the NUBASE2020 database. The existing models exhibit significant discrepan- cies, with root-mean-square (rms) deviations ranging from 0.680 to 1.907. By incor- porating updated experimental data and odd–even hindrance effects, several widely used semi-empirical formulae were markedly improved. Based on this benchmark, a new semi-empirical formula (FD) was developed by integrating nuclear size, Coulomb barrier penetration, neutron–proton asymmetry, angular-momentum hindrance, and pairing correlations. The proposed formula achieves the best overall agreement with experimental data, yielding rms = 0.6605 and R2 = 0.9820. Applying this model along- side spontaneous-fission systematics to undetected superheavy nuclei (Z = 110–118) reveals a potential transition region between α decay and spontaneous fission located within Qα ≈10.25−10.45 MeV. While this window identifies promising α-emitting candidates, further studies are required to precisely constrain its boundaries. These findings provide valuable insights for exploring the decay properties and stability of superheavy nuclei.

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