Virtualization of Cultural Heritage: Ar/vr Technologies in Museum and Excursion Practice as a Factor in Preserving Memory

Résumé fourni par la source

The aim of the study was to identify the technological, spatial, and semiotic conditions under which the use of augmented, virtual, and extended reality contributed to the preservation of cultural memory in museum and excursion practice. The study was conducted from May 1 to July 15, 2026, as a structured review of the subject field, supplemented by comparative qualitative content analysis. The final corpus included 42 English-language publications from 2021–2025, of which 31 empirical, project-based, or practice-oriented works were used for coding, while 11 review and conceptual studies were used for theoretical comparison. It was found that technological immersiveness received the highest average score of 1.48 points on a scale from 0 to 2. Spatial-narrative integration received 1.19 points, semiotic integrity 1.13 points, memorial potential 1.03 points, and historical validity 1.00 point. The most balanced formats were excursion and historical-archaeological formats, with an average score of 1.29 points. Museum and hybrid exhibitions received 1.26 points, while remote virtual environments received 0.83 points. Among technological solutions, augmented reality systems had the highest overall score of 1.23 points. Virtual reality provided the most pronounced sense of presence but more often weakened the connection with the material context. It was determined that the preservation of memory depended not on maximum spectacle but on historical authenticity, semiotic integrity, spatial localization, and the alignment of digital content with the curatorial narrative. The proposed criteria can be used for evaluating and designing digital exhibitions.

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