Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Commercial Broiler Farms in Narsingdi District, Bangladesh, 2019

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Background and Objective The research addresses the public health challenge of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria emerging from food-producing animals. The primary objective was to quantify antibiotic usage practices among poultry farmers and estimate the prevalence of AMR Escherichia coli (E. coli) within these farm environments. Methodology Conducted as a cross-sectional observational study, data was collected over two phases (August 2019 and August 2020). AMU data was gathered via weekly face-to-face interviews and direct observation of 37 commercial farms throughout the chicken rearing cycle. To assess AMR, 111 pooled fecal samples were collected and analyzed at the Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI). The microbiological analysis included Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) via disk diffusion for 13 antibiotics, alongside PCR testing to identify blaTEM and tetA resistance genes. Key Findings AMU Practices: 100% of the surveyed farms utilized antibiotics, averaging 6.3 different antibiotics per farm. The majority of these usage events (78%) were advised by informal contract sellers, while only 4% were prescribed by qualified veterinarians. Furthermore, 53% of antibiotic use events were for prophylaxis rather than treatment. AMR Prevalence: 99% of the tested E. coli samples exhibited multidrug resistance, with a median resistance to 6 different antibiotics. Exceptionally high resistance rates were recorded for ampicillin (98.6%), ciprofloxacin (81.6%), tetracycline (72.3%), and azithromycin (71.6%). Genotypically, 86% of samples carried the tetA gene and 84% carried the blaTEM gene. Critical Usage: 19% of the documented AMU events involved WHO-classified critically important antibiotics for human medicine, including colistin and ciprofloxacin. Significance The findings highlight the urgent need for regulatory enforcement, targeted biosecurity training for small-to-medium-scale farmers, and the restriction of critically important human antibiotics in animal farming to mitigate the spread of AMR. For more information about this research or to view my other projects, visit my website: https://globalhealth4u.com

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