Criminal Law Level of Drug Trafficking, Forensic Pharmaceutical, Forensic Narcological Study of the Degree of Drug Addiction Prevention in Ukraine: Using a Large American Initiative to Recover Addiction to Psychoactive Substances

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Illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and other psychoactive substances is an urgent problem of public health, social security, and criminal law policy of each state. The current situation necessitates a comprehensive combination of prevention of disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances, timely detection and treatment, rehabilitation, and social reintegration of persons with addiction with effective measures of criminal law counteraction to drug trafficking. Of particular importance for Ukraine is the study of international experience, in particular modern approaches of the United States to combating illicit trafficking in psychoactive substances, the organization and financing of long-term recovery programs. The study is based on the analysis of international documents in the field of drug control, regulations of Ukraine, scientific publications, materials on drug policy of the United States and EU countries, as well as examples of criminal law, forensic pharmaceutical and law enforcement practice in Ukraine in 2025-2026. Methods of systemic, comparative legal, structural-functional, and interdisciplinary analysis are used. Modern drug business acquires signs of transnational organized crime, actively uses digital technologies, the Internet, instant messengers, cryptocurrency, and complex financial and logistical mechanisms. The analysis of criminal law and forensic pharmaceutical practice has shown the need to strengthen interagency cooperation between law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, courts, lawyers, and experts, as well as the development of forensic pharmaceutical, forensic narcology, forensic psychiatric, forensic medical and forensic examination. The expediency of an integrated approach that combines primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, early detection, treatment, rehabilitation, and social reintegration of persons with disorders associated with the use of psychoactive substances has been substantiated. Generalization of the US experience showed the importance of simultaneous influence on drug trafficking, its financial basis and demand for psychoactive substances, as well as the development of long-term recovery programs. Countering drug trafficking in Ukraine requires a transition from a predominantly repressive approach to a comprehensive interdisciplinary model that integrates criminal, forensic, medical, pharmaceutical, narcology, social and preventive measures. Promising areas are the deepening of cooperation between Ukraine and the United States and the EU countries, the improvement of mechanisms for early detection and treatment of addictions, the provision of rehabilitation and social reintegration, as well as the regulatory expansion of access of patients with disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances to free or preferential drug provision by making appropriate amendments to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated August 17, 1998 No. 1303.

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