Ca2+-Crosslinked Alginate/Ti3C2Tx MXene Films with Multifunctional Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties for Active Food Packaging

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In this study, flexible and transparent Ca-alginate/ Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (MX@Alg) nanocomposites were fabricated through a simple solution-casting method, followed by nontoxic cross-linking with CaCl 2 . Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and FESEM analyses revealed characteristic structural changes, possible intermolecular interactions, and relatively homogeneous dispersion of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanosheets within the Ca 2+ -crosslinked alginate matrix. The incorporation of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene enhanced the functional properties of the films, achieving ∼ 99-100% UV blocking performance. The optimized MX@Alg film exhibited a remarkable tensile strength of 107.68 ± 1.39 MPa and an impressive Young’s modulus reaching 2232 ± 58.03 MPa, representing increases of approximately 14% and 32%, respectively, compared with pristine alginate film, while maintaining excellent film flexibility. In addition, water vapor permeability (WVP) was reduced by 35.7%, indicating improved barrier performance. The nanocomposite films exhibited increased antioxidant activity (∼51% radical-scavenging activity) and efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (69.89%) and Staphylococcus aureus (73.28%). Soil-burial tests showed substantial physical deterioration and fragmentation of the MX@Alg-2 film over five weeks, demonstrating progressive degradation under the tested soil conditions. Furthermore, preliminary storage observation of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms over 7 days’ study indicated delayed visible deterioration for the MX@Alg-2 composite film packed sample compared to control and neat Alg sample. These findings suggest that Ti 3 C 2 T x -reinforced Ca-alginate (Alg) nanocomposite films exhibit enhanced mechanical strength, barrier performance, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and food preservation capability, making the composite film an attractive candidate for multifunctional active food-packaging applications.

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