Evaluation of morphological and yield-related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm under irrigated conditions

Résumé fourni par la source

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the variability in morphological, physiological and yield-related traits among rice germplasm and to identify desirable traits associated with higher yield under irrigated conditions of the Raipur plain. For this purpose, 33 rice germplasm were evaluated under irrigated conditions during the kharif season. Observations were recorded on different morphological and yield-related attributes at their respective growth stages, including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, flag leaf angle, test weight, economic yield, biological yield and harvest index. Significant differences were observed among the germplasm for the traits studied, indicating the presence of considerable variability. Plant height at flowering ranged from 88.67 to 128.33 cm, with the highest value recorded in IR24MD2927 and the lowest in IR24MD2916. Number of tillers per plant varied from 7.67 to 16.33, with IR24MD2916 recording the highest value. Maximum number of leaves per plant was observed in IR24MD3059, while the highest leaf area was recorded in IR24MD3928. Test weight ranged from 13.79 to 27.17 g, with IR16A3891 recording the highest value. Economic yield varied from 470.24 to 1071.62 g m⁻², and the highest value was recorded in IR24MD3928 followed by IR24MD2916 and IR24MD2911. Biological yield ranged from 1034.06 to 2496.76 g m⁻², with IR24MD2830 recording the highest value, whereas harvest index varied from 25.74 to 46.11%. Correlation analysis revealed that economic yield had significant positive associations with number of tillers per plant (r = 0.419*), number of leaves per plant (r = 0.406*) and leaf area (r = 0.587**). Biological yield showed a significant positive correlation with leaf area (r = 0.427*) and a highly significant positive correlation with economic yield (r = 0.749**). Harvest index was significantly and positively associated with economic yield (r = 0.416*) and significantly negatively correlated with plant height (r = −0.382*). Overall, the study indicated substantial variation among the rice germplasm and identified number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf area and efficient biomass partitioning as important traits associated with yield performance. These traits may be considered useful selection criteria for the identification and improvement of high-yielding rice genotypes under irrigated conditions.

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