Treatment of soil with nanosilica particles derived from rice husk: influence of substrate ageing on soil resistance to detachment

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Abstract No studies have explored how much ageing of rice husk, used as substrate for nanosilica production, alters apparent particle size distribution in this substrate, and therefore modifies nanosilica-soil interactions. To fill this gap, this study has investigated the effects of nanosilica derived from fresh and aged rice husk on soil physical properties and particle detachment ( D c ) in paddy soils through flume experiments on samples collected in Northern Iran. Nanosilica obtained from aged husk showed an increase in mean apparent particle size by 96% compared to the soil amendment derived from fresh residues. Soil treated with fresh husk nanosilica exhibited significantly higher (+106%) water-stable aggregates and lower (–7.4%) bulk density compared to the control, while the differences from aged husk treatments were +86 % and –6.3%, also in this case significant. Flume experiments revealed a significant reduction (–21%) in D c following application of nanosilica from fresh rice husk, while no effect was found for the soil amendment derived from the aged biomass. Compared to the control, D c decreased by 8.1% with aged husk and by approximately 21% with fresh husk. D c can be accurately estimated by hydraulic predictors (shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power) using a shifted power function ( R² = 0.80–0.96). These models show that, across treatments, the effective hydraulic threshold parameter generally increases from control to amended soils, indicating enhanced resistance to detachment initiation.

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