Atmospheric-induced deformation in an underground gallery

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Processed displacement time series from the GULab underground broadband station (Gavorrano, Italy) Overview This dataset contains processed, continuous ground-displacement time series recorded by a broadband seismic station installed inside the GULab underground laboratory (former Galleria Polveriera, Gavorrano Mining Park, southern Tuscany, Italy). The data support the analysis of atmospheric-induced (wind-driven) deformation presented in Piccinini et al. (2026), submitted to Seismica. Note on reference frame: The horizontal components in this dataset are NOT oriented to geographic north/east. They are aligned with the local axis of the underground gallery (see "Components" section below). Users unfamiliar with this convention risk misinterpreting the data as standard N/E components. Station and instrumentation Station code PI.GAVR.01 Location GULab underground laboratory, Gavorrano Mining Park, southern Tuscany, Italy Elevation ~233 m a.s.l. (under ~60 m overburden of carbonate rock) Seismometer Nanometrics Trillium 360 GSN broadband seismometer Digitizer Nanometrics Centaur, 100 Hz native sampling Network affiliation Not yet part of the Italian National Seismic Network (INGV) public archive at the time of this deposit Temporal coverage Start: 1 January 2026 End: 22 June 2026 Sampling rate (this dataset): 1 Hz (decimated; see Processing below) Components Channel Orientation Azimuth Description Longitudinal HHN ≈ N21°E Parallel to the gallery axis Transverse HHE ≈ N111°E Perpendicular to the gallery axis These labels follow SEED naming convention for horizontal channels (N/E) but refer to the local gallery-aligned frame, not geographic north/east. See Figure 1b of the associated publication for the station layout and reference-frame diagram. Processing chain Starting from the continuous 100 Hz broadband waveforms: Daily MiniSEED files merged; data gaps filled by linear interpolation where required. Waveforms demeaned, detrended, and tapered. Instrument response removed in the frequency domain (ObsPy), converting the signal to ground displacement, using a trapezoidal pre-filter with corners at (0.0005, 0.001, 0.08, 0.20) Hz and a water-level regularization parameter of 60 dB. 4th-order, zero-phase low-pass Butterworth filter applied, corner frequency 0.4 Hz. Resampled to 1 Hz through two consecutive decimation stages. Continuous recordings merged into a single time series per component, spanning the full observation period. No quality-control removal of transient/teleseismic signals has been applied to this dataset (that step was applied downstream, only for the RMS-based statistical analysis in the associated paper — see Section 3.4 of the manuscript). Related resources Associated publication: Piccinini, D., Biagini, D., D'Ambrosio, M., Pegna, R., & Saccorotti, G. (2026). Atmospheric-induced deformation in an underground gallery. Submitted to Seismica. Meteorological data used in the analysis: Open-Meteo historical weather API (https://open-meteo.com/) and LaMMA weather station data (https://www.lamma.toscana.it/), not included in this deposit. How to cite Piccinini, D., Biagini, D., D'Ambrosio, M., Pegna, R., & Saccorotti, G. (2026). Processed displacement time series from the GULab underground broadband station (Gavorrano, Italy) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22358620 License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0). Contact For questions about this dataset, contact davide.piccinini@ingv.it. Acknowledgements Data collected as part of a collaboration between INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) and the Parco delle Colline Metallifere (Gavorrano Mining Park and Museum).

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