Helicobacter Pylori Infection: A Hidden Contributor to Cardiovascular Diseases – A Comprehensive Review

Résumé fourni par la source

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium, is well recognized as a causative agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. However, emerging research highlights its role beyond the gastrointestinal tract, linking chronic H. pylori infection to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders. Persistent infection triggers oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances, all of which contribute to atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and neurodegeneration. Bacterial virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), modulate host immune and inflammatory pathways, promoting vascular damage. This review consolidates the current understanding of the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying H. pylori-related cardiovascular complications, emphasizing the importance of early detection and eradication therapy. Recognizing H. pylori as a modifiable systemic pathogen offers new perspectives in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases.

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