Lignin/Fe 3+ Coordination Networks via PDA/PEI Co‐Deposition: A Green Strategy for Multifunctional Coatings

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ABSTRACT Mechanical components made of aluminum suffer from severe friction, wear, biofouling, and corrosion, yet existing coatings often fail to maintain stable tribological performance under cyclic loading. In this study, a nature‐inspired multifunctional coating was fabricated on aluminum via co‐deposition of lignin, Fe 3+ , dopamine, and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The Fe 3+ ions coordinate with phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin while simultaneously participating in Michael addition and Schiff‐base reactions with DA and PEI, forming a dense crosslinked network. With an optimal lignin content of 5 wt% (L 5 /DA/PEI), the coating exhibits a significantly reduced coefficient of friction (0.43–0.46) and superior wear resistance, attributed to the lubricating boundary film formed by oxygen‐containing groups in lignin. The same coating also demonstrates outstanding adhesion (96.97% residual area) and excellent corrosion resistance in 3.5% NaCl solution. Meanwhile, the coating with 10 wt% lignin (L 10 /DA/PEI) displays remarkable antimicrobial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , benefiting from enhanced Fenton‐like reactions that generate toxic hydroxyl radicals. The findings open new avenues for designing eco‐friendly, multifunctional protective surfaces for durable aluminum components under complex service environments.

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