Determinantes económicos, energéticos y tecnológicos de la huella ecológica en la Comunidad Andina (2000–2021)

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INTRODUCTION. The ecological footprint is one of the main indicators of environmental sustainability, as it enables the assessment of the pressure exerted by human activities on natural resources. In the countries of the Andean Community, economic growth, trade openness, energy intensity, and the expansion of information and communication technologies (ICT) have gained increasing importance in development processes, raising concerns about their environmental effects. OBJECTIVE. To analyze the economic, energy, and technological determinants of the ecological footprint in the Andean Community countries during the 2000–2021 period. METHOD. A quantitative, non-experimental, longitudinal, and explanatory study was conducted using a panel data model for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The data were obtained from international organizations and analyzed using panel data through fixed-effects models, random-effects models, and econometric diagnostic tests. RESULTS. The findings revealed that economic growth, trade openness, energy intensity, and ICT service exports have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the ecological footprint. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The results indicate that the main economic and productive drivers of the Andean Community remain associated with higher levels of environmental pressure. It is concluded that strengthening energy efficiency, promoting sustainable technologies, and incorporating environmental criteria into growth and trade strategies are essential elements for advancing toward more sustainable development in the region.