Aviation Supply Chain Management In Pakistan: Current Structure, Challenges, Resilience, And Way Forward

Résumé fourni par la source

Aviation operations depend on highly interconnected supply networks through which aircraft, engines, spare parts, maintenance services, aviation fuel, airport infrastructure, ground services, information, finance, and regulatory approvals must be coordinated reliably and efficiently. This review critically examines the current state of Aviation Supply Chain Management (ASCM) in Pakistan, focusing on its structure, major components, operational capabilities, vulnerabilities, resilience, and future development needs. Drawing on peer-reviewed aviation and supply chain literature alongside authoritative institutional and industry evidence, the review finds that Pakistan possesses a functioning but unevenly integrated aviation supply chain comprising airlines, airports, maintenance organizations, fuel suppliers, cargo operators, ground handlers, regulators, logistics providers, financial institutions, and international suppliers. Important domestic capabilities exist in airport operations, line and base maintenance, selected technical services, cargo handling, ground operations, training, customs facilitation, and aviation-fuel distribution. Nevertheless, the system remains substantially dependent on international aircraft and engine manufacturers, lessors, specialist maintenance providers, technology vendors, and suppliers of high-value certified components and spare parts. These dependencies increase exposure to foreign-exchange constraints, long procurement lead times, supplier concentration, global logistics disruptions, fuel-price volatility, regulatory requirements, and aircraft-on-ground risks. The review further identifies fragmented information flows, uneven digital maturity, infrastructure limitations, workforce constraints, and limited end-to-end supply chain coordination as important barriers to efficiency and resilience. It argues that Pakistan's principal ASCM challenge lies not in the absence of individual aviation functions, but in insufficient integration, visibility, redundancy, and strategic coordination across the wider ecosystem. Priority areas include strategic procurement, supplier diversification, improved inventory planning, selective MRO localization, cargo infrastructure modernization, interoperable digital systems, workforce development, resilience planning, and sustainability-oriented supply chain practices. The review provides an integrated Pakistan-centric ASCM framework and proposes a focused research, managerial, and policy agenda for developing a more resilient, technologically capable, and competitive aviation supply chain ecosystem.

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