Recent advances and future prospects of sugarcane bagasse-derived cellulosic films for sustainable packaging

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Abstract Sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulosic by-product of the sugar industry, has emerged as a promising renewable feedstock for the development of sustainable packaging materials. Growing environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based plastics have accelerated the demand for biodegradable and eco-friendly alternatives. In this context, bagasse-derived cellulosic films offer a biodegradable, compostable, and low-carbon solution aligned with circular economy principles. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in the extraction, processing, and application of cellulose and cellulose nanomaterials derived from sugarcane bagasse for packaging applications. Conventional chemical, ultrasound-assisted, and enzymatic extraction strategies are critically discussed with respect to cellulose yield, crystallinity, and environmental impact. Film fabrication techniques, including casting, plasticization, and composite reinforcement, are evaluated in relation to their effects on mechanical strength, flexibility, and barrier performance. The physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and biodegradation properties of bagasse-based cellulosic films are compared with conventional plastics and other bio-based packaging materials such as polylactic acid and seaweed derived films. Furthermore, recent innovations in nanocomposites, surface modification, and smart packaging functionalities are highlighted. Key challenges related to moisture sensitivity, processing scalability, and market adoption are identified, and future research directions focusing on advanced nanocomposite design, green surface coatings, and industrial integration are proposed. Overall, sugarcane bagasse-derived cellulosic films demonstrate significant potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional packaging materials, particularly at laboratory and pilot scales. However, challenges related to large-scale processing, moisture sensitivity, and industrial infrastructure must be addressed before their widespread commercial adoption can be realized. Clinical trial: N/A