Cyano-Functionalized Carbazole Synergistically Modulating the Buried Interface of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Résumé fourni par la source

Abstract Inverted lead halide amine perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are promising for efficient and scalable photovoltaics, yet the charge-carrier and energy loss at the buried interface between the hole-transport layer and perovskite layer remain a major source of limited performance and stability because of nonideal energy alignment and defect-assisted carrier nonradiative recombination. Here, a cyano-functionalized carbazole small molecule, 9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (3-CNCZ), as a multifunctional modulator, is introduced into the buried interface in self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based inverted PSCs. Owing to its polar cyano group and π-conjugated carbazole framework, 3-CNCZ enhances intermolecular interaction and reduces the trap-state density, promotes overlayer perovskite crystallization, and modulates interfacial charge redistribution and energy level alignment. The synergistic modulation of cyano-functionalized carbazole leads to a 55.5% longer carrier lifetime and a decrease of the surface contact potential difference from −151 mV to −611 mV. As a result, the 3-CNCZ-modulated inverted PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 26.31%. Meanwhile, the unencapsulated devices retain 96% of their initial efficiency after 600 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). This work provides a single-molecule strategy for synergistically modulating the buried interface and reducing the charge-carrier loss and energy loss in SAM-based inverted PSCs.

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