Dual upcycling of waste PET into both the porous support and the Al-MOF filler of thin film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes

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This work reports the design of a novel TFN membrane platform in which the porous support and the aluminum based metal organic framework (Al-MOF) filler are derived from a waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Disodium terephthalate recovered from PET waste was used to synthesize a crystalline Al-MOF via an aqueous route, while recycled PET was used to fabricate the porous support. The resulting TFN membranes exhibited a progressive increase in water permeance with increasing Al-MOF loading. Salt rejection remained moderate to high, with MgSO 4 rejection consistently exceeding NaCl rejection for all membranes and reaching maximum values of 85% and 78%, respectively. Antifouling performance improved with flux recovery ratios increasing from 85% for the control membrane to 93% for the optimized TFN membrane and achieving a substantial reduction in irreversible fouling resistance. These performances may be attributed to increased surface hydrophilicity, improved selective layer formation, and additional water transport pathways. This study creates a scalable dual upcycling strategy that enhances membrane performance and sustainability, supporting the development of next generation circular nanofiltration membranes from waste based molecular precursors.

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