Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy between Vilazodone and Escitalopram among Major Depressive Disorder Patients

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Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a persistent, recurrent, and serious mental health condition. Escitalopram is one of the most commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and Vilazodone is an innovative dual-acting serotonergic antidepressant. Methodology: This quasi-experimental, single-blind study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, in collaboration with the outpatient Department of Psychiatry, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, from July 2023 to June 2024, following ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire after obtaining consent from the patients. Based on predefined eligibility criteria, 120 patients were included in the research, divided into two groups, each having 60 patients, by random allocation of these two drugs (Escitalopram &Vilazodone) by a simple lottery method. Escitalopram 5-20 mg and Vilazodone 10-40 mg were administered once daily to Group A (control group) and Group B (experimental group), respectively, for 24 weeks. The Beck Depression Inventory-II Bangla Version scale was used to measure the severity of depression, while Data processing and analysis were carried out using SPSS version 24. Results: In the Escitalopram group, the mean score at baseline was 34.29 ±10.66, which decreased to 21.42±11.07, 9.95±7.93, 5.43±6.11, and in the Vilazodone group, the mean score at baseline was 36.33±11.74, which decreased to 16.15±9.71, 3.10±5.63, 0.35±1.09 at the end of 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of drug administration. The overall reduction in BDI-II (BV) test scores from baseline to 24 weeks of drug administration, as well as the difference between the two groups, was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). Minimal scores were proportionately higher in the vilazodone group (100%) than in the escitalopram group (77.08%) at the end of 24 weeks of treatment, which was statistically significant (p < .05). Conclusion: Vilazodone showed better efficacy than Escitalopram.

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