Variability analysis in f2 populations of blackgram (Vigna Mungo (L.) Hepper) for yield and its attributing traits

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In the present investigation, an attempt was made to assess the extent of genetic variability generated through hybridization by estimating important genetic parameters such as phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability, and genetic advance. In addition, the interrelationships among seed yield and its component traits were studied through correlation analysis to identify suitable selection criteria for yield improvement. The experimental material was developed by carefully selecting diverse parental genotypes with the objective of improving important yield-contributing traits such as branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per plant, and harvest index. The study comprised four diverse parental genotypes and three F₂ populations, and was conducted during the late kharif season of 2020 at the Pulses and Castor Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat. Observations were recorded on 12 quantitative traits in the parental lines and their corresponding F₂ populations. The higher variances observed for most of the traits in the F₂ populations indicated the presence of substantial genetic variability among the segregating populations, providing ample scope for effective selection. The close correspondence between GCV and PCV values for most traits suggested that their expression was predominantly governed by genetic factors with comparatively less environmental influence. Furthermore, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean was recorded for plant height, branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant, and chlorophyll content, indicating the predominance of additive gene action. These findings suggest that direct phenotypic selection and pure-line breeding would be effectivestrategies for improving these traits and developing superior high-yielding black gram genotypes.

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