Organization of the educational process in special educational institutions of the Bashkir ASSR in the 1970-1980 years

Le résumé fourni par la source

Background.In today's social development, the organization of special educational support for children with disabilities is particularly important. The education and development of children with physical, physiological, and mental disabilities can be considered one of the most pressing socio-pedagogical challenges in modern education. This is due to the increasing number of such children and the expanding diversity of disability categories. The current special education system faces numerous theoretical, methodological, and practical challenges. Children in specialized institutions are isolated from society, which predetermines them for unsuccessful socialization and the impossibility of personal growth. However, our country already had a fairly productive period in the history of public education and upbringing of children with special educational needs—the Soviet period. Without overestimating the experience accumulated by the educational system in those days, it is logical to assume that it could be quite useful for today. Thepurposeof this study is to analyze the organizational of the educational process at specialized educational institutions in the Bashkir ASSR for the potential application of this experience in modern conditions. Materials and methods.Themethodology is based on the systemic and civilizational approaches, as well as the author's concept of historical and pedagogical research, built on a modern interpretation of the holistic pedagogical process. The study utilized historical-retrospective and historical-typological methods. The primary sources for the work were documents from the National Archives of the Republic of Bashkortostan: orders, plans, reports, certificates, inspection reports, and statistical data. Research by regional and national authors was also utilized. Geographically, the study covers the territory of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and the chronological framework is defined as the 1970s and 1980s – the period of the greatest development of specialized education in the region. Results. This paper, based on little-known published and archival materials, analyzes the organization of the educational process in specialized educational institutions of the Bashkir ASSR in the 1970s and 1980s. Eight types of specialized schools are identified, the teaching of general subjects is systematized, and attention is paid to the organization of educational work in these schools. Overall, the republic's specialized general education system was characterized by: a qualified nature, boarding schools, a work-oriented approach, individualization and differentiation in education, comprehensive education of children, and medical and pedagogical assistance. Creative use of the experience accumulated by specialized educational institutions will undoubtedly contribute to the more effective development of modern education. For example, the practice of organizing work-based and polytechnic training and education; the focus of educational institutions on the professional motivation of students; a system of spiritual and moral education; the development of qualities of independence, student self-government, and collectivism; the ability of specialized schools to work with a multinational student body.

Ce résumé expose les affirmations des auteurs. BNTIC ne l’interprète pas comme une validation indépendante des résultats.