A systematic review of frameworks for evaluating social equity in the food rescue program

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Purpose This study systematically reviews frameworks and evaluation approaches used to assess social equity in food rescue and redistribution initiatives. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed across PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, as grey literature. Eligible studies (2015–2025) evaluated food rescue programs with a focus on social equity dimensions. Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Data extraction and thematic coding identified frameworks, equity dimensions and metrics. Findings Four equity dimensions were identified, including procedural, distributive, health and nutrition and racial equity. Frameworks such as RE-AIM and Social Return On Investment provided structured evaluation but prioritised quantifiable outputs and cost-benefit metrics, limiting capacity to capture empowerment, cultural relevance or systemic change. Justice-oriented frameworks, such as Collaborating for Equity and Justice, demonstrated stronger alignment with equity goals but were rarely adopted, reflecting an implementation gap. Measurement practices were fragmented, indicators inconsistent and limited intersectional analysis. Few studies assessed the nutritional quality or cultural appropriateness of redistributed food, a critical omission in equity-focused evaluation. Originality/value This is the first review synthesise equity-focused evaluation frameworks in food rescue. It identifies key gaps, including the lack of validated, equity-sensitive metrics, limited use of justice frameworks and minimal attention to intersectionality. Policy recommendations include embedding community participation in governance, adopting standardised equity frameworks, ensuring cultural and nutritional appropriateness, and integrating structural and racial equity principles. These actions are critical to ensure food rescue contributes not only to waste reduction but also to just, inclusive and sustainable food systems.