Association Between Physical Activity Levels and the Prevalence of Self-Reported Diabetes Among Adults in the United States: A Secondary Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006

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Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is an important modifiable lifestyle factor associated with metabolic health and diabetes.This study examined the association between different levels of self-reported PA and prevalent self-reported diabetes among adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 sample.Methods: This cross-sectional secondary analysis included 8,174 adults aged 18 years or older from NHANES 2005-2006.PA was categorized as low (<150 minutes/week), moderate (150-300 minutes/week), or high (>300 minutes/week).Diabetes status was based on self-reported physician diagnosis.Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between PA level and prevalent self-reported diabetes with sequential adjustment for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and body mass index (BMI).Results: Overall, 650 participants (8.0%) had self-reported diabetes.Diabetes prevalence was 11.8% in the low PA group, 5.9% in the moderate group, and 5.7% in the high group.In the unadjusted model, moderate PA was associated with lower odds of diabetes (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.36-0.61),as was high PA (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.38-0.54).After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and BMI, the associations were attenuated but remained statistically significant for moderate activity (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57-0.99)and high activity (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66-0.99).Conclusion: Moderate and high levels of self-reported PA were associated with lower odds of prevalent selfreported diabetes compared with low PA in the analyzed NHANES sample.Because of the cross-sectional design, temporality and causality cannot be established.Prospective studies using appropriate complexsurvey methods are needed to further evaluate this association.

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