Data from Impacts of a Public Health Emergency on Cancer Testing Rates, Follow-up, and Cancer Diagnosis: An Evaluation of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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Abstract Background: Public health emergencies can substantially affect routine health care. Large cancer screening declines during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic are well documented; however, COVID-19’s impact on follow-up of abnormal screening exams and cancer diagnoses is less reported. We examined the impacts of COVID-19 on the cervical, colorectal, and lung cancer screening processes, within 10 health systems in the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process (PROSPR) consortium. Methods: PROSPR data were used to calculate: (i) monthly rates of cancer testing and, for pre-COVID and COVID time periods, (ii) proportions of individuals receiving recommended follow-up within 6 months of an abnormal test, and (iii) cancer incidence. Surveys were used to assess the healthcare systems’ local context. Results: During the first 2 months of the pandemic, cancer testing decreased across all health systems and cancer types (range, 18%–96%). Overall, decreases in monthly rates were followed by rapid recovery to prepandemic rates. The rates of 6-month follow-up of abnormal screening results trended down in the COVID versus pre-COVID periods, as did the diagnosis of new cancers. Conclusions: Declines in cancer testing in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic were short term, with at least short-term impacts on diagnostic follow-up and cancer diagnosis. The systems with the smallest decreases were those that both utilized remote screening outreach (e.g., mailed fecal immunochemical test kits) and did not pause that outreach at the start of the pandemic. Impact: Strategies and policies implemented by healthcare systems during public health emergencies can help minimize disruptions in care. See related In the Spotlight, p. 1481

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