A Generational Comparison of Physical and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome in Japan

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Background/Objectives: Women with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS) are known to be at higher risk of developing metabolic-related disorders. Here, we conducted a retrospective observational study to compare physical and laboratory findings associated with PMOS across different generations. Methods: We analyzed 470 medical records from 155 patients with PMOS from December 2002 to March 2023. Demographic, metabolic, and hormonal data were extracted and compared among age groups: <30, 30s, and ≥40 years. Results: The 30s group had significantly higher total cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin levels than the <30 group, while the ≥40 group had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than both the <30 and 30s groups. The ≥40 group had significantly higher follicle-stimulating hormone and lower testosterone levels than both the <30 and 30s groups. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and ovarian volume also differed significantly among the three groups, with both parameters decreasing with age. No significant differences in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, or homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were observed among the three groups. In multivariable linear mixed-effects models including age, BMI, and PMOS diagnostic criteria, BMI was independently associated with a broader range of metabolic parameters than age, whereas age was independently associated with follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and ovarian volume. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that metabolic risk factors may emerge from a relatively young age in women with PMOS, with BMI showing broader associations with metabolic parameters than age. These observations support current recommendations for long-term metabolic monitoring and lifestyle management in women with PMOS.

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