Microsistema familiar como eje causal de la violencia escolar: los estilos de crianza autoritario, permisivo y negligente como predictores de la conducta violenta en el estudiantado

Résumé fourni par la source

This essay examines, through a systematic review of Latin American literature published between 2015 and 2026, how parenting styles influence adolescents’ propensity to engage in school violence as aggressors, victims, or bully-victims. It is based on the premise that the family constitutes the primary microsystem of socialization, where patterns of interpersonal interaction, respect for rules, and emotional self-regulation are developed; consequently, violence within the school environment may reflect relational patterns learned at home. The analysis focuses on three dysfunctional parenting styles—authoritarian, neglectful, and permissive—which emerge as the most consistent predictors of school aggression and victimization, in contrast to the authoritative parenting style, which functions as a protective factor. Findings indicate that authoritarian parenting is associated with aggressive behavior through patterns of domination and submission; neglectful parenting shows the strongest association with the bully-victim profile due to the combined effects of emotional deprivation and lack of parental supervision; and permissive parenting, despite its high level of emotional warmth, may contribute both to aggressors’ impulsivity and victims’ vulnerability because of insufficient boundaries and behavioral limits. The study concludes that the prevention of school violence requires essential intervention in family dynamics as a necessary complement to school-based prevention strategies.

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