Association between Foot Pressure Distribution and Lower Extremity Kinematics during Single-Leg Squat in Individuals with and without Pronated Foot: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Purpose: Excessive foot pronation may influence lower-extremity (LE) kinematics during unilateral closedkinetic-chain tasks.However, there is a lack of studies on how foot pressure distribution (FPD) relates to LE kinematics during the single-leg squat (SLS), especially when different foot posture assessments are used.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FPD and LE kinematic variables during SLS in individuals with and without a pronated foot, classified using the foot posture index (FPI) and navicular drop (ND).Methods: Thirty participants performed SLS on their dominant leg.Foot posture was classified as pronated or normal based on FPI (pronated ≥ +6) and ND (≥ 10 mm).FPD was measured using a pressure platform and analyzed across four regions: hallux, medial, central, and lateral forefoot.Two-dimensional kinematic data were obtained to calculate knee-inward distance (KID), hip-outward distance, dynamic knee valgus angle (DKVA), and tibia tilt angle (TTA).Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between FPD and LE kinematics.Results: In the FPI-based pronated group, FPD was not significantly correlated with LE kinematics.In the ND-based pronated group, hallux pressure correlated positively with KID (r=0.529,p=0.024) and TTA (r=0.513,p=0.029).In the normal-foot group, central forefoot pressure correlated positively with DKVA in both FPI-and ND-based classifications.Conclusion: The relationship between FPD and LE kinematics during SLS differs according to foot posture classification methods.ND-based classification may reflect dynamic foot behavior and its association with proximal LE kinematics during unilateral tasks.

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