Processing of Low‐Cost Porous Ceramics for Water Filtration: Structural and Technological Properties

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ABSTRACT The general purpose is the development and characterization of sustainable, high‐performance porous ceramics based on phyllosilicate materials from Cameroon and peanut shells for water filtration. Three raw clays were selected (denoted H, K, and M), together with peanut shells (denoted C). Different samples were prepared, and the proportion of peanut shells was 0, 20, and 25 wt%. All the samples were shaped by uniaxial pressing and sintered at a heating rate of 5°C.min −1 at 1100°C, with a soaking time of 1 h. Results showed that the mineralogical composition of Clays H and K consists of the major clay phases halloysite and kaolinite, respectively, while that of Clay M consists mostly of montmorillonite and kaolinite. XRD analysis of C indicated the presence of Cellulose I and II as major phases. Open porosity varied between 13% and 60%, and diametrical compressive strength varied from 0.7 to 6.0 ± 0.05 MPa. SEM images agreed with the porosity values obtained. The permeability and thermal conductivity varied from 27.01 to 6568.57 ± 0.01 L.h −1 .m −2 .bar −1 and 0.2053 to 1.302 W.m −1 .K −1 , respectively. The porous ceramics have pore sizes suitable for ultrafiltration and microfiltration. Sample MC20 exhibited a bacteria removal ( Escherichia coli ) of 94%.

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