Method Development for the Detection of Lard in Lotion Cosmetics Using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection and Chemometrics

Résumé fourni par la source

A Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector method was optimized for the rapid detection of lard in cosmetic lotion samples. Lard was extracted using the Soxhlet method, and lotion oils were isolated via liquid liquid extraction at 60 ◦C. The method demonstrated high linearity (R2) ranging from 0.9983 to 0.9998 across a concentration range from 1 to 100 μg/mL for four fatty acids: C20:2, C20:3n6, C20:3n3, and C20:4, which are biomarkers for lard. The precision was high, with a Relative Standard Deviation not exceeding 5.82%. The recovery rates from the spiked samples ranged between 93.00% and 103.58%. The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation were 0.16–0.25 μg/mL and 0.54–0.84 μg mL, respectively. The validated method was applied to 20 commercial lotion brands collected from Yemeni markets. None of the analyzed samples showed the characteristic fatty acid markers of Lard. The developed GC-FID method, combined with principal component analysis provides a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective approach for halal authentication of cosmetic products.

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