High-risk human papillomavirus positivity, genotype distribution and multiple infections among women undergoing cervical cancer screening in Mumbai, India- a single-centre, retrospective cross-sectional study

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Background: Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the principal cause of cervical cancer. Regional variation in circulating genotypes and the occurrence of multiple infections make local molecular epidemiological data important for cervical cancer screening and surveillance. This study evaluated HR-HPV positivity, genotype distribution and single versus multiple infections in a clinic-based screening population from Mumbai, India. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 1,378 clinician-collected cervicovaginal specimens submitted for HR-HPV screening. HR-HPV detection and genotype identification were performed using a validated polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Positivity, genotype-specific detection and infection multiplicity were summarized descriptively. Results: HR-HPV was detected in 69 of 1,378 women, corresponding to an observed positivity rate of 5.01% (95% CI, 3.98–6.29). 39 of 69 positive women (56.5%) had a single HR-HPV infection and 30 (43.5%) were reported to have multiple infections. HPV-16 was the most frequently detected genotype, followed by HPV-33; HPV-18, HPV-59 and HPV-58 were also prominent. Conclusions: HR-HPV positivity in this single-centre screening population was 5.01%, with substantial genotype diversity and a high proportion of multiple infections among positive women. HPV-16 predominated, but several non-16/18 HR genotypes were also detected. These findings support comprehensive HPV testing and continued genotype surveillance.

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