Microbial Interactions and Ecosystem Dynamics

Résumé fourni par la source

Microorganisms are one of the most essential and ubiquitous components of the biosphere, playing versatile roles that contribute to the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems. Important ecological functions, such as nutrient cycling, decomposition, and regeneration, are driven by microbial interactions with both biotic and abiotic factors in their environment. Interactions leading to benefits for the participants are considered beneficial or positive, while those involving an inhibitory effect on at least one partner are considered conflictual or negative in nature; both are required to maintain a balanced ecosystem. Oftentimes, beneficial interactions favour both counterparts and often facilitate the growth and development of the ecosystem, while conflictual interactions in extreme cases can be detrimental, leading to a decrease in biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, and the emergence of pathogenic diseases. Understanding microbial interactions and their influence on ecosystem dynamics provides a better basis for applying them to sustainable environmental development and for preventing their adverse effects. Therefore, this chapter examines various interactions involving microbes, ranging from symbiotic associations to pathogenesis, and how these interactions have influenced the dynamics of ecosystems.