Development of a Tool (CACTIS) to Aid the Design of Behaviour Change Interventions Using the COM-B Model, Behaviour Change Wheel, and Behaviour Change Techniques Ontology

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Developing and updating behaviour change interventions using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework includes three steps: 1) Problem specification including the ‘behavioural goal’; 2) Identifying specific ‘COM-B targets’ to try to influence in order to achieve the behavioural goal; and 3) Selecting ‘BCW Intervention Functions (IF)’ and ‘Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs)’ (from the BCT Ontology) judged to be most appropriate for influencing those targets. This paper reports the development of the CACTIS (‘COM-B Assessment Criteria To Intervention Strategy’) tool, an online resource that guides users through these steps to make intervention development more effective, efficient, and systematically documented. METHODS: An iterative process, involving initial drafting, functional evaluation, literature review and team discussion by the authors, and wide stakeholder feedback, was used throughout the development of CACTIS. Data structures were created covering the ‘problem specification’, ‘potential COM-B targets’, ‘potential IF/BCT combinations’, and ‘potential COM-B target to IF/BCT mappings’. These underpinned a form-based interface, created in parallel, to take users through the intervention development process. RESULTS: A list of 27 potential COM-B targets was created: 8 capability targets, 9 opportunity targets and 10 motivation targets. 112 BCTs were selected from the BCT Ontology, contributing to 148 potential IF/BCT combinations; 239 mappings were created between potential COM-B targets and potential IF/BCT combinations. The CACTIS user interface began as a Google Sheets Workbook and was then transformed into an HTML file that could be run online or locally. The user interface provides detailed prompts and help sheets; it allows users to save and restore their projects as JSON files, and to record the basis for decisions made. It creates a structured report, together with a prompt for a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate a draft intervention strategy. CONCLUSIONS: CACTIS guides users through the process of creating or updating a behaviour-change intervention strategy using the COM-B model, BCW and BCT ontology, recording the decisions made and providing a structured report and an LLM prompt that users can apply to build a draft intervention blueprint.

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