Trichoderma hongheense X. F. Liu, Karun., Tibpromma & K. D. Hyde 2026, sp. nov.

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Trichoderma hongheense X. F. Liu, Karun., Tibpromma & K. D. Hyde sp. nov. Fig. 9 Etymology. Named after the type locality, Honghe. Holotype. HKAS 149896. Description. Associated with the air in the cave environment. Asexual morph on PDA: Vegetative hyphae 2–4 μm wide, septate, branched, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidiophores pyramidal with verticillate, comprising a recognizable main axis, pairs or solitary branches, longer branches near the base, and short branches or solitary phialides arising near the tip. Phialides 5–13 × 2–5 µm (x ̄ = 8.26 × 2.98 μm, n = 60), ampulliform to lageniform, generally formed on terminal branches in divergent whorls of 2–4. Supporting cells 5–11 × 2–4 µm (x ̄ = 8.17 × 2.81 μm, n = 50). Conidia 2–5 × 2–4 µm (x ̄ = 3.59 × 3.24 μm, n = 60), subglobose to globose, or ovoid, green, smooth-walled. Chlamydospores 5–11 × 3–9 µm (x ̄ = 8.15 × 6.66 μm, n = 10), single or in clusters, terminal and intercalary, variable in shape, mostly subglobose to globose, thick-walled, hyaline, granulate. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Culture characteristics. Colonies on PDA attaining 60 mm after 7 days at room temperature (25 ± 2 ° C), white, gray to yellow or green, sparse aerial mycelium on the surface, regularly circular, green conidiation occurs over time; reverse is green in the middle and white on the edges. Material examined. CHINA • Yunnan Province, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Jianshui County, Miandian Town, Swallow Cave, 23.63684309°N, 103.05537745°E, elev. ca 1864.03 m, air, 24 December 2020, Xiangfu Liu, A 7 (HKAS 149896, holotype), ex-type GMBCC 2297; ibid., A 7 B, living culture GMBCC 2298. Notes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Trichoderma hongheense (GMBCC 2297 (ex-type), and GMBCC 2298) forms a distinct lineage with 100 % ML and 1.00 PP support, and is closely related to T. hipposidericola Karun., Tibpromma & X. F. Liu, and T. atroviride P. Karst. in the atroviride clade (Fig. 7). The nucleotide comparisons between Trichoderma hongheense and T. hipposidericola (KUMCC 21-0801, ex-type) revealed 1.51 % (13 / 869 bp, without gap) differences in rpb 2 and 2.19 % (16 / 731 bp, with 5 gaps) differences in tef 1 - α. Trichoderma hongheense and T. atroviride (CBS 142.95, ex-type) revealed 2.30 % (20 / 869 bp, without gap) differences in rpb 2, and 2.05 % (15 / 731 bp, with 5 gaps) differences in tef 1 - α. Morphologically, T. hongheense differs from T. hipposidericola in having more whorls of phialides (2–4 vs 2–5) on terminal branches and lacking chlamydospores (Liu et al. 2023). In addition, the PHI test results (Fig. 6 B 2) revealed no significant recombination relationships between T. hongheense and its phylogenetically related taxa within the dataset. Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, Trichoderma hongheense is described as a new species.

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