Seasonal Changes in Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate Following a Sports Nutrition Education Intervention

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Background: Collegiate soccer athletes have high physiological demands that require appropriate nutrition; However, athletes often demonstrate inadequate sports nutrition knowledge and fail to meet nutritional recommendations. Therefore, this study examined changes in body composition and resting metabolic rate (RMR) following a sports nutrition education intervention (SNEI) in collegiate soccer athletes and compared measured versus predicted RMR. Methods: This single-group pre- post study included 16 NCAA Division I male soccer athletes who completed an 8-week SNEI consisting of four biweekly educational sessions. Body composition was assessed using air-displacement plethysmography and measured RMR was determined via indirect calorimetry. Predicted RMR was calculated using the Siri equation, and RMR ratio was calculated as predicted RMR divided by measured RMR. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes (p < 0.05). Results: Significant increases were observed in body mass (p = .001), fat mass (p = .003), and body fat percentage (p = .003). Fat-free mass did not significantly change (p = .133). Measured RMR decreased (p = .049), whereas predicted RMR increased (p = .036). Predicted RMR significantly underestimated measured RMR at both time points (p = .001). RMR ratio increased from 0.85 ± 0.06 to 0.91 ± 0.08 (p = .049). Conclusions: Over the 8-week intervention period collegiate soccer athletes demonstrated increases in body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage alongside lower measured RMR. Predictive equations underestimated RMR, highlighting the importance of individualized assessment when evaluating energy needs in collegiate athletes. Controlled studies are needed to determine the effects of a SNEI on body composition and metabolic outcomes.

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