Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential of Acantholimon lycopodioides (Gairard) Boiss

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Abstract The current study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical screening, antimicrobial potential and cytotoxic potential of Acantholimon lycopodioides using brim shrimp. Methanolic extracts of stem and leaves revealed significant Phyto-compounds, elemental composition, and biological properties. The GC-MS analysis reported Ethyl .alpha.-d-glucopyranoside, 2-Trimethylsilyl-1,3-dithiane, Thiophene, tetrahydro-2-methyl-, D-Fructose, 3-O-methyl-, (Methylthio)-acetonitrile, 1,3-Dioxolane, 2-methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl)-, 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, n-Hexadecenoic acid, Chrysene, 6‑methyl-, Oleic Acid, Octadecanoic acid, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and similarly leaves extract were revealed significant phytocompound 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-, compounds that biologically active. Acantholimon lycopodoides leaves and stem extracts were evaluated against brine shrimps using cytotoxic assay. Acantholimon lycopodoides stem show more potent compared to leaves samples cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps. At initial concentration (1000–2000 µg/mL) they exhibited similar activities however at lower concentration the stem samples were found more potent compared to leaves against brine shrimps. The antimicrobial activity of leaf, branch, and stem extract was using against three bacterial strains and three fungal strains including Axonopodia xanthomonas, E. coli, and Ralstonia solanacearum and Alternaria alternata spp., A. nigar, Fusarium oxysporium. The antibacterial effect of the Branch samples was highest, followed by Leaves and stem respectively. Highest antibacterial activities were shown by R. solanacearum (Branch 41.25 ± 0.5, Leaves 41.25 ± 1.5 and Stem 35 ± 1.0) at concentration of 6 and 12 µg/well. leaves showed maximum values by E. coli (42.5 ± 0.5, Branch 40 ± 1.0, stem 38.75 ± 0.5%). Whereas Branch showed zone of area (41.89 ± 0.5, 39.18 ± 0.5, 36.48 ± 0.5%). For antifungal activity in well diffusion method the Alternaria alternata spp. showed maximum zone of inhibition for branch extracted sample (50 ± 0.5%), at concentration of 6 and 12 µg/well. Followed by leaves show zone of inhibition is (47.14 ± 0.5%), stem showed zone of inhibition (47.14 ± 0.5) and Stem showed maximum zone of inhibition (46.05 ± 0.5%). Similarly leaves showed zone of area (43.42 ± 0.5%), and stem indicate zone of area (40.78 ± 0.5%) against A. nigar. Branch extract showed maximum zone of area (46.62 ± 0.25), leaves shown zone of area by F. oxysporium (44.59 ± 0.5%) and stem was indicating zone of inhibition against F. oxysporium (39.18 ± 0.5%) at concentration 6 and 12 mL/ by well diffusion method.

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