Paired Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolome Datasets across Body-Size Classes in SPF Macrobrachium rosenbergii

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Abstract The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is an economically important freshwater crustacean species in Asia. The experimental prawns originated from an SPF breeding population maintained at a national-level aquatic seed-stock farm in China. The farm implemented routine biosecurity and health-management measures, including disinfection, physical isolation, and regular pathogen surveillance. Under shared culture conditions, individuals from the same full-sib family exhibited marked body-size variation, which can affect selective breeding and production efficiency. Male and female prawns were categorized into three body-size groups (large, medium, and small), with six biological replicates per group (n = 36). Hemolymph-derived serum was collected for untargeted LC–MS metabolomic profiling in both positive and negative ion modes, while intestinal samples from the same individuals were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. This dataset comprises raw metabolomic mass spectrometry files deposited in MetaboLights, processed metabolomic results and metadata, and raw 16S rRNA gene sequencing data submitted to the NCBI Sequence Read Archive. The metabolomic data are the primary focus of this data descriptor, whereas the 16S sequencing data are provided as an auxiliary microbiome resource for integrative analyses of body-size-associated variation.

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