Intimate Partner Violence Among Iranian LGBTQI2S+Immigrants: Exploring Ethnic and Sexual/Gender Minority Intersectionality

Résumé fourni par la source

This study explored the lived experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) among Iranian LGBTQI2S+ individuals residing in Canada, emphasizing the intersections of ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, eight participants were recruited via online Iranian LGBTQI2S+ communities and engaged in semi-structured interviews conducted through telephone or a secure HIPAA-compliant platform. Phenomenological thematic analysis, incorporating both within- and cross-case comparisons, was used to identify patterns and shared essences across narratives while preserving the uniqueness of each participant’s lived experience. Findings revealed that IPV was deeply shaped by cultural stigma, heteronormative and cisnormative norms, and systemic exclusion. Survivors navigated dual marginalization: within Iranian communities, they faced homophobia and transphobia, and within mainstream LGBTQ2S+ spaces, they encountered cultural disconnect and limited understanding. Cultural concealment, self-silencing, and coping strategies such as suppression and avoidance were employed both as survival mechanisms and identity management tools, often delaying help- seeking. Barriers to accessing services included language, mistrust of mainstream LGBTQ2S+ organizations, cost, stigma, and the absence of trans-inclusive resources. Family dynamics were ambivalent, at times causing harm while providing only limited support. Despite these challenges, participants demonstrated resilience and articulated a need for culturally and linguistically responsive services. Implications highlight the importance of adopting an intersectional and anti-oppressive framework in IPV research, counselling, and service provision. Recommendations include integrating Farsi-speaking, culturally competent practitioners, creating trans-inclusive services, and bridging gaps between ethnic community and mainstream LGBTQ2S+ organizations. Psychotherapeutic interventions should combine trauma-informed care, cultural humility, intersectional awareness, and anti-oppressive practices to address both personal trauma and structural inequities. Broader societal recognition, community education, and advocacy are essential to reduce stigma and foster inclusive communities for Iranian LGBTQI2S+ individuals.

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