Palm‐Oil Detection and Quantification in Adulterated Mustard Oil From Bangladesh Using ATR‐FTIR Spectroscopy With Chemometric Model

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ABSTRACT A fast and reliable approach was developed to detect and quantify palm oil in adulterated mustard oil from Bangladeshi market by attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy at a spectral range of 4000–400 cm −1 coupled with chemometric analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) was used to distinguish between controlled and adulterated mustard oil, and OPLS was applied to quantify the palm‐oil concentration in controlled mustard oil with good accuracy at 1210–1074 cm −1 . The optimal OPLS‐DA model (B) obtained high cumulative R 2 Y and Q 2 values of 0.937 and 0.919, respectively, along with a low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) value of 0.146. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) curve exhibited a value of 1.0, indicating the model's high accuracy in discriminating between controlled and adulterated mustard oil. The best OPLS model (P) showed strong calibration performance, with R 2 X (cum), R 2 Y (cum), and Q 2 (cum) values of 0.988, 0.985, and 0.974, along with low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 1.018 and 3.086, respectively. The validation of the selected model demonstrated good predictive performance, as evidenced by root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) and RMSEP values of 1.899 and 2.865, respectively. Practical Applications : This study provides a non‐destructive and user‐friendly approach for detecting and quantifying palm‐oil adulteration in mustard oil. Thus, the developed method is well‐suited for routine quality monitoring in the edible oil industry.

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