Role of Surgical Therapy in Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma and Development of a Survival Nomogram

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes of patients with pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary MALT lymphoma between 2000 and 2020. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2020, a total of 1721 patients had a diagnosis of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. Among the stages I and II patients, those treated with surgery outperformed those treated with radiotherapy in survival trends, but attention should be paid to potential selection bias. Among the patients who received combination therapy, those who received surgery combined with chemotherapy had longer overall survival (OS). Multifactorial Cox regression analysis identified sex, age, Ann Arbor stage, and surgery as prognostic factors for OS. A nomogram was established for pulmonary MALT lymphoma to predict OS, with a concordance index (C-index) of 0.718 and area under curve values of 0.7235, 0.7328, and 0.7917 for the 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates of the nomogram, respectively, indicating that the predicted probability of the calibration curve agreed well with the actual value. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary MALT lymphoma is a type of indolent lymphoma with a good prognosis, and surgery may be associated with improved patient survival outcomes, but this association needs to be further validated in prospective studies. This study established a nomogram that has good applicability for predicting long-term OS for patients.

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