Dual-functional phosphates materials doped Er3+ for optical temperature sensing and ionic conduction

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The development of multifunctional materials could revolutionize next-generation technologies. Single crystalline systems that combine multiple properties could promote miniaturization, enhance performance, and advance the development of sophisticated devices. The present study evaluated two luminescent materials, Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and Mg 2 P 2 O 7 doped Er 3+ , which combine optical and charge transport properties and offer dual functionality, as optical sensors and ionic conductors. The photoluminescence properties of both samples were found to exhibit green and red upconversion emissions, corresponding to 2 H 11/2 , 4 S 3/2 → 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2 → 4 I 15/2 transitions. The luminescence intensity displayed a marked temperature dependent response. The fundamental principle underlying the fluorescence intensity ratio method to relates the variation in the emission intensity and the temperature change. In terms of performance, the samples exhibited a high relative sensitivity of 1.4%K -1 and 1.2%K -1 , a good temperature resolution of 0.16 K and 0.20 K, and high repeatability value (99%) for Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 :Er 3+ , and Mg 2 P 2 O 7 : Er 3+ , respectively. An analysis of the electrical properties over the temperature ranges from 323 to 423 K was conducted, which revealed the occurrence of ionic semiconductor behavior. The activation energies of Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 :Er 3+ and Mg 2 P 2 O 7 : Er 3+ were determined to be 0.76 eV and 0.43 eV, respectively. The thermal conductivity of materials governed by Jonscher's law, a physical phenomenon with various fields applications, including iron oxide fuel cells (SOFCs).

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