Adoption and Use of Residential Solar PV Systems in Ghana: Insights from a Mixed-Methods Study

Résumé fourni par la source

Residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly promoted as a solution to unreliable electricity supply and rising energy costs in Ghana. However, despite growing adoption, limited evidence exists on the experiences of residential solar users, the challenges they face, and the long-term sustainability of these systems. This study addresses this gap by examining the adoption, use, and performance of residential solar PV systems and the policy factors shaping user experiences. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining survey data from 213 households across Accra, Kumasi, Takoradi, and Tamale with qualitative insights from in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that unreliable grid electricity (81%) and expected cost savings (53%) are the primary drivers of solar adoption, while environmental concerns play a limited role. Most households (80%) use solar PV as a supplementary source of electricity rather than a complete substitute for grid power. Although 63% of users reported lower energy costs and 72% experienced improved energy management, approximately 11% had discontinued using their systems due to battery and inverter failures, high maintenance costs, and limited technical support. The results further show that larger system capacities significantly increase the likelihood of achieving cost savings. The study concludes that while residential solar PV delivers important economic and energy-security benefits, its long-term sustainability depends on improved system quality, affordable maintenance services, and supportive policy measures. These findings provide valuable evidence for policymakers, energy providers, and investors seeking to enhance solar adoption and advance Ghana’s renewable energy transition.

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