Resveratrol Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Dysregulation of Protein Turnover Induced by Excessive Glucose in Olive Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) Muscle Cells

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The present work investigated the protective role of resveratrol (RSV) in excessive glucose (EG)‐induced cellular injury and the underlying mechanisms in primary olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) muscle cells. Cells were assigned to three treatments for 24 h: control medium, medium containing 33 mM glucose, and the same medium supplemented with 5 µM RSV. Results showed that RSV supplementation significantly reduced intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and ADP/ATP ratio, and alleviated the dysregulation of genes related to mitochondrial homeostasis, antioxidant response, myogenesis, and protein turnover induced by EG. Besides, RSV decreased inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and reduced nuclear NF‐κB p65, cytoplasmic cytochrome c (CytC) and cleaved caspase‐3 level under EG condition. Meanwhile, the excessive glucose‐induced decrease in SIRT1 expression and AKT phosphorylation was alleviated by RSV supplementation. These results demonstrated that RSV alleviated EG‐induced oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory activation, and disrupted protein turnover within olive flounder muscle cells. Its protective action under EG exposure condition mainly involved SIRT1, Keap1/Nrf2, NF‐κB, CytC/caspase‐3, and myostatin (MSTN)/AKT‐related signaling.

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