Advancing the environmental risk assessment of non‐target arthropods for plant protection products by accounting for the impact on ecosystem services and on the ecological function. Experimental work on exposure

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Abstract This report presents the chemical residue measurements of a series of exposure studies with non‐target arthropods (NTA). Two NTA species, Mamestra brassicae (moth larvae) and Coccinella septempunctata (ladybird larvae and adults tested separately), have been exposed via different routes to four formulated plant protection products (PPP) and were sampled at intervals during 6 days. Two strongly sorptive herbicides were combined in mixture A: diflufenican (DFF, non‐volatile), and prosulfocarb (PSC, volatile), and two weakly sorptive active ingredients in mixture B: the herbicide metamitron (MMT, non volatile) and the fungicide metalaxyl‐M (MLX, volatile). For each mixture, a single spray dose was applied using a Potter tower spray system to expose NTA either via (i) direct insect overspray, (ii) a dried residue on natural substrate surface (leaf or soil), (iii) dietary intake of oversprayed food items. Filter discs sampled during the spray events were used to derive actual spray deposits. Overspray residues in the three types of NTA species were evaluated by fitting the decreasing pesticide amount on the insect exterior surface with a two‐phase disappearance curve. Chemical analysis successfully monitored residues in all samples, except some longer time points after overspray where residues dropped

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