Chronic Disease Status, but Not Body Fat Percentage, Is Associated With 24-Hour Dietary Recall Accuracy Among Korean Older Adults

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Background and Objectives: Accurate dietary assessment is essential, especially for older adults as risk of chronic disease increases.The accuracy of dietary assessments may vary according to obesity and disease status.Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the accuracy of 24-hour dietary recalls in older adults according to body fat percentage and the presence of chronic disease.Methods: The study was conducted over 2 days and included 48 men and 71 women aged ≥60 years.On day 1, participants consumed three meals provided cafeteria style while their intake was discreetly observed by the research team.The following day, a 24-hour dietary recall interview was conducted to assess the participants' recall of foods consumed the previous day.Accuracy of reported food items, portion sizes, and nutrients was analyzed.Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis.Participants were classified as having a chronic disease if they self-reported cardiovascular, renal, or neurologic diseases; cancer; or other chronic conditions.Results: Body fat percentage was not associated with the accuracy of reported food items or errors in portion size, energy, or macronutrient reporting.Older adults with chronic diseases more accurately reported food items than those without (72.9% vs. 68.3%,p=0.04); however, no significant differences were found between groups for errors in reported nutrients.Conclusions: The 24-hour dietary recall among Korean older adults for food items, portion size, and nutrients did not vary by body fat percentage.However, this method may be more accurate for reporting food items among individuals with chronic diseases.

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