Myasthenia Gravis: A Global Perspective on Diagnosis and Management

Résumé fourni par la source

Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction characterized by fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness and fatigability. This manuscript provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and contemporary management strategies of myasthenia gravis. The disease is mediated by autoantibodies directed against components of the postsynaptic membrane, leading to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Patients typically present with ocular symptoms such as ptosis and diplopia, which may generalize to bulbar, limb, and respiratory muscles, potentially resulting in a myasthenic crisis. Diagnosis is based on clinical features supported by serological testing, electrophysiological studies, and imaging to evaluate for thymic abnormalities. Treatment strategies include symptomatic therapy with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppressive agents, thymectomy in selected patients, and advanced biologic therapies for refractory disease. Early recognition and individualized treatment are essential to improve functional outcomes and quality of life. Ongoing research continues to refine targeted immunotherapies and optimize long-term disease control.

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