Surface treatment of titanium alloys and its influence on bacterial adhesion associated with peri-implantitis: a literature review

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ABSTRACT This study systematically reviews surface treatment techniques for titanium alloys and their advantages in resistance to bacteria associated with peri-implantitis, in addition to investigating how these techniques influence the adaptation of titanium alloys in the oral environment. The research included articles published between 1996 and 2023 in databases such as Pubmed, SciELO, Google Scholar and ResearchGate. The methodology focused on the effects of photodynamic therapy and electrochemical anodization on titanium alloys, excluding studies of other interventions or materials. The results showed that the oxidation process is crucial in both treatment methods, forming an oxygen layer that prevents biofilm formation. Photodynamic therapy was effective in bacterial decontamination when used with a photosensitizer, while electrolytic plasma anodization showed promise in forming an oxide layer, essential for biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The Ti6Al4V alloy is the most used in dentistry due to its mechanical properties, despite its high modulus of elasticity compared to human bone. Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory condition that compromises osseointegration, with photodynamic therapy and electrochemical anodization being effective methods of surface treatment to prevent this pathology. Studies have shown that photodynamic therapy is more efficient when combined with a photosensitizer, while electrochemical anodization, by forming an oxide layer, facilitates cell adhesion and prevents bacterial proliferation. It is concluded that both techniques are effective in the surface treatment of titanium alloys, with photodynamic therapy being more effective when combined with a photosensitizer and electrochemical anodization being beneficial due to the formation of the oxide layer. The choice of method depends on the type of bacteria and the specific treatment conditions.

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