Oxidative stress severity and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in patients with heart failure at high risk of sudden cardiac death

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Aim. To assess the severity of oxidative stress and the presence of polymorphic variants of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) in patients with heart failure (HF) and a high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Material and methods . The study included 198 patients (78,79% men) diagnosed with HF and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) for the prevention of life-threatening ventricular tachycardia (VT) and SCD. The control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers (men, 64,29%). Clinical and paraclinical parameters, plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive lipid peroxidation substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and mtDNA polymorphisms A2706G/G3010A/G9055A were assessed. Results. Patients with HF and a high risk of SCD had significantly higher TBARS and SOD levels compared to the control group. In the healthy volunteer group, men had higher TBARS levels and reduced SOD activity compared to women. In HF, sex differences were negated. Registered VT did not affect TBARS levels or SOD activity. Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia in patients with HF and a high risk of SCD was associated with a significant increase in TBARS. Carriers of the G9055A polymorphism showed significantly lower TBARS concentrations compared to carriers of the A2706G polymorphism. Conclusion. HF with a high risk of SCD is characterized by pronounced oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation under normal conditions is significantly higher in men with reduced SOD activity. Impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in HF with a risk of SCD is accompanied by even more intense TBARS formation with unchanged SOD activity. Carriage of the G9055A mtDNA polymorphism is associated with low TBARS levels.

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