Quantitative evaluation of low-level fumigation using a controlled vapor–liquid equilibrium model: Application to perillaldehyde and perilla essential oil

Le résumé fourni par la source

To enable the practical application of volatile chemical agents, including naturally derived compounds not yet widely used for disinfection, there is a need for a robust and reproducible evaluation framework capable of quantitatively assessing antipathogenic activity under both liquid- and vapor-phase conditions. However, the lack of quantitative performance metrics beyond conventional log reduction values and the difficulty in controlling vapor-phase concentrations in low-level fumigation have hindered the establishment of such evaluation systems. In this study, we established a controllable and quantitative evaluation framework for low-level fumigation. Under liquid-phase conditions, the minimum concentration required to achieve a >3.5 log reduction was defined as a practical performance metric. Under vapor-phase conditions, a controllable vapor–liquid equilibrium-based model was developed to maintain reproducible quasi-steady-state vapor concentrations, and continuous performance metrics, including survival time and half-life, were introduced to enable reproducible performance evaluation. Perillaldehyde (PA) and perilla essential oil (PEO), renewable natural products, were selected as model compounds. Treatment with 1% PA (or 2% PEO) for 10 min and treatment with 0.5% PA (or 1% PEO) for 30 min achieved >3.5 log reduction against bacteria, yeast-like fungi, and enveloped viruses, but not against non-enveloped viruses. In addition, fumigation with PA and PEO reduced the survival time of these pathogens on glass and polyester surfaces by more than 70–90%. The proposed framework is applicable to a wide range of volatile agents and pathogens, and provides a reproducible quantitative framework for developing and comparing disinfection and preservation strategies under practically relevant conditions.

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