Frequency and Pattern of Congenital Anomalies among Patients Attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

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Abstracts Background: Congenital anomalies are a significant cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Understanding their local frequency and pattern is essential for healthcare planning and prenatal counseling. Objective: To determine the frequency and describe the pattern of congenital anomalies among neonates born to patients attending the Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh, Mymensingh. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department from January to December 2024. A total of 3,340 obstetrics patients were enrolled using purposive sampling. All live births and stillbirths were examined for the presence of congenital anomalies. Data on maternal demographics, delivery mode, and the type of anomaly were recorded and analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Of 3,340 deliveries, 40 (1.2%) had congenital anomalies. Deliveries included 1,760 (52.7%) Caesarean sections and 593 (17.8%) vaginal births. Only 4 cases of congenital anomalies were found in the Caesarean section. Central Nervous System defects predominated, with Hydrocephalus (9 cases, 22.5%) and Anencephaly (7 cases, 17.5%) being most common. Other anomalies included Hydrops fetalis (5 cases, 12.5%), Achondroplasia (3 cases, 7.5%), and sporadic cases of various other conditions. Conclusion: The frequency of congenital anomalies in this study was 1.2%, with CNS defects, particularly anencephaly and hydrocephalus, being the most common pattern. These findings highlight the need for robust prenatal screening programs and periconceptional folic acid supplementation to reduce the burden of these preventable conditions.

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